Areas of need

The SEND Code of Practice (2014) identifies four broad areas where learners may require additional support: Communication and Interaction, Cognition and Learning, Social, Emotional, and Mental Health (SEMH), and Sensory and/or Physical Needs.

These categories help educators assess challenges, tailor interventions, and ensure all learners can access a high-quality, inclusive education that meets their individual needs. Each area guides targeted strategies to remove barriers to learning and promote progress, well-being, and independence.

Short code	Description
SEMH	Learners may struggle with emotional regulation, behaviour, social skills, or mental health challenges, such as anxiety or ADHD. Support prioritises emotional well-being, positive relationships, and strategies to manage emotions and behaviour effectively.
Cognition and Learning	Learners may experience specific or moderate learning difficulties, including dyslexia, dyspraxia, or global developmental delay. Support targets thinking skills, problem-solving, memory, and access to the curriculum through tailored teaching strategies and resources.
Communication and interaction	Learners may struggle with emotional regulation, behaviour, social skills, or mental health challenges, such as anxiety or ADHD. Support prioritises emotional well-being, positive relationships, and strategies to manage emotions and behaviour effectively.
Sensory and/or physical	Learners may have visual or hearing impairments, or physical disabilities that affect mobility, coordination, or access to learning. Support includes specialist equipment, adaptations, and therapies to ensure full participation and independence.